abstract：:Arthritis represents a family of complex joint pathologies responsible for the majority of musculoskeletal conditions. Nearly all diseases within this family, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, are chronic conditions with few or no disease-modifying therapeutics availabl...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Adkar SS,Brunger JM,Willard VP,Wu CL,Gersbach CA,Guilak F

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) knockout mice are protected against pulmonary hypertension and expression levels of the enzyme are increased in the lungs of pulmonary arterial hypertensive (PAH) patients. Moreover, sphingosine 1-phosphate can promote vascular remodeling/vasoconstriction in rodent and human pulmonary arte...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Pyne NJ,Pyne S

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies is of B cell origin, suggesting that the development and activation of B cells need to be tightly regulated. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that micr...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Coffre M,Koralov SB

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we explore the potential of single-cell genomic analysis in blood for early detection of cancer; we consider a method that screens the presence of recurrent patterns of copy number (CN) alterations using sparse single-cell sequencing. We argue for feasibility, based on in silico analysis of existing single-cell ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Krasnitz A,Kendall J,Alexander J,Levy D,Wigler M

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella Typhimurium, engineered to express flagellin B, recently demonstrated unprecedented tumor control through a TLR-dependent mechanism. Here, we review new observations that support the potential of utilizing modified bacteria to enhance antitumor immunity. We also discuss the implications of these findings fo...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Binder DC,Wainwright DA

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathways driving MS are modulated by DNA, lysine, and arginine methylation, as evidenced by studies made possible by novel tools for methylation detection or loss of function. We present evid...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Webb LM,Guerau-de-Arellano M

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review highlights recent advances in how the innate and adaptive immune systems control the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Interferons and TAM receptors play key roles in innate immune control of the BBB. Cells of the adaptive immune system, particularly CD4+ T cells, take distinct r...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Iwasaki A

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over recent decades anti-angiogenic therapies (AATs) have produced promising results in the treatment of different malignancies. Unfortunately, resistance often develops and patients ultimately relapse. In an attempt to elucidate the causes of recurrence, most studies have focused on tumor responses to hypoxic conditi...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Simon T,Gagliano T,Giamas G

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulation of intermediate metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in tumor cells can cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies show that the oncometabolite fumarate, which accumulates in fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cancers, confer...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Fuhler GM,Eppinga H,Peppelenbosch MP

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2, encoding polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. Optimizing the folding environment for polycystin-1 missense mutations may have a critical effect on the progression of ADPKD in animal models and could potentially lead t...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Krappitz M,Gallagher AR,Fedeles S

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical syndromes comprising urinary tract infection (UTI) continue to exert significant impact on millions of patients worldwide, most of whom are otherwise healthy women. Antibiotic therapy for acute cystitis does not prevent recurrences, which plague up to one fourth of women after an initial UTI. Rising antim...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： McLellan LK,Hunstad DA

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of pathogen-specific binding antibodies has long been considered a signature of protective immunity following vaccination and infection. The humoral immune response is a complex network of antibodies that target different specificities and drive different functions, collectively acting to limit and clear inf...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Gunn BM,Alter G

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anxiety-related and metabolic disorders are under intense research focus. Anxiety-induced microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as regulators that are not only capable of suppressing inflammation but can also induce metabolic syndrome-related processes. We summarize here evidence linking miRNA pathways which share regulator...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Meydan C,Shenhar-Tsarfaty S,Soreq H

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging is characterized by irreversible loss of physiological integrity, often accompanied by an organism's loss of function and increased vulnerability to death. Defects in the mechanisms preserving cellular homeostasis over time may give rise to accelerated aging. Somatic cell reprogramming of aged cells can be assoc...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Soria-Valles C,López-Otín C

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While the hippocampus has long been recognized as a brain structure specialized in mapping 'space' in rodents, human studies and now recent data from rodents have shown that its function extends well beyond spatial coding. Recently, an overlooked area of the hippocampus, CA2, has emerged as a critical region for socia...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Chevaleyre V,Piskorowski RA

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America and Southeast Asia has created an urgent need for new, simple, yet sensitive, diagnostic tests. We highlight recent work using paper-based sensors coupled with CRISPR/Cas9 to detect ZIKV RNA as a new approach to achieve rapid development and deployment of ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Meagher RJ,Negrete OA,Van Rompay KK

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are the most responsive immune cells to exercise, displaying an acute mobilization to the circulation during physical exertion. Recently, exercise-dependent mobilization of NK cells was found to play a central role in exercise-mediated protection against cancer. Here, we review the link betwe...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Idorn M,Hojman P

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inflammasome is a key regulator of immune responses in the gut. Two recent studies in the journal Cell demonstrate that epithelial inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion can control intestinal homeostasis or induce autoinflammation. ILC3 cells are triggered to secrete IL-22, regulating IL-18 expression in epi...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Gonçalves P,Di Santo JP

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a formidable platform for the study and application of synthetic biology approaches to study customized and flexible control of cellular functions. Recent reports in the journal Cell provide a new twist on combinatorial antigen targeting, profiting from the sing...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Themeli M,Sadelain M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite concerted international efforts, mortality from neonatal infections remains unacceptably high in some areas of the world, particularly for premature infants. Recent developments in flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing technologies have led to major discoveries over the past few years, providing a more...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Kan B,Razzaghian HR,Lavoie PM

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. It leads to irreversible joint damage, physical handicap, and reduced life expectancy. The past two decades have seen considerable therapeutic advances with the development of biologic treatments to block proinflammatory cytokines or modulate...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Semerano L,Minichiello E,Bessis N,Boissier MC

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MALT1 is a signaling protein that plays a key role in immunity, inflammation, and lymphoid malignancies. For a long time MALT1 was believed to function as a scaffold protein, providing an assembly platform for other signaling proteins. This view changed dramatically when MALT1 was also found to have proteolytic activi...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Demeyer A,Staal J,Beyaert R

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten percent of the population worldwide suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by fibrotic changes in the kidney. Fibrosis is associated with loss of epithelial parenchyma, and accumulation of myofibroblasts, fibrillary collagen, and inflammatory cells. Two recent papers highlight the critical role o...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Huang S,Susztak K

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1999, Tesarik and Greco reported that they could predict the developmental potential of human zygotes from a single static evaluation of their pronuclei. This was based on the distribution and number of specific nuclear organelles - the nucleoli. Recent studies in mice show that nucleoli play a key role in parental...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Fulka H,Kyogoku H,Zatsepina O,Langerova A,Fulka J Jr

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical diagnosis and phenotyping increasingly incorporate information from complex biological samples. This has promoted the development and clinical application of non-invasive metabolomics in exhaled air (breathomics). In respiratory medicine, expired volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are associated with inflammato...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Boots AW,Bos LD,van der Schee MP,van Schooten FJ,Sterk PJ

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endogenous brain repair after stroke involves a set of highly interactive processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, which together orchestrate neurological recovery. During the past several years, there have been advances in our understanding of miRNAs and...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Zhang ZG,Chopp M

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many organs throughout the body maintain epithelial homeostasis by employing a mucosal barrier which acts as a lubricant and helps to preserve a near-sterile epithelium. Goblet cells are largely responsible for secreting components of this mucosal barrier and represent a major cellular component of the innate defense ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： McCauley HA,Guasch G

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly prevalent and chronic metabolic disorder. Recent evidence suggests that formation of toxic aggregates of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) might contribute to β-cell dysfunction and disease. However, the mechanism of protein aggregation and associated toxicity remains unclear. Misf...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Mukherjee A,Morales-Scheihing D,Butler PC,Soto C

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting pathological tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies has shown great potential in animal models. Given that tau lesions correlate better with the degree of dementia than do amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, their clearance may be clinically more efficacious than removing Aβ when cognitive defic...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Pedersen JT,Sigurdsson EM

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery of HIV over three decades ago, major efforts have been made to control and perhaps eliminate HIV infection worldwide. During these studies, certain myths or misconceptions about this infectious disease have been emphasized and other potentially beneficial concepts have received less attention. A tr...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Levy JA

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In his article, Szyf [1] has addressed the key challenges in and the controversies surrounding nongenetic inheritance. However, crucial findings that are important to counter two major criticisms held against transgenerational inheritance, especially in mammals--namely epigenetic memory survival across generations, an...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Sharma A

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2, members of the CD28 and B7 families, play critical roles in T cell coinhibition and exhaustion. Overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-1 on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively, correlates with poor dise...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Ohaegbulam KC,Assal A,Lazar-Molnar E,Yao Y,Zang X

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when colonic quantities of commensal bacteria are present in the small bowel. SIBO is associated with conditions of disrupted gastrointestinal (GI) motility leading to stasis of luminal contents. Recent data show that SIBO is also found in children living in unsanitar...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Donowitz JR,Petri WA Jr

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs known to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. miRNAs are expressed in the heart where they regulate multiple pathophysiological processes. The discovery of stable cardiac miRNAs in the bloodstream has also motivated the investigation of their potential as biomarkers. This re...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Goretti E,Wagner DR,Devaux Y

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, successful gene therapies for immunodeficiencies were finally brought to the clinic. This was accomplished through new gene therapy vectors and improved procedures for genetic modification of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. For HIV, autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy wit...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Abou-El-Enein M,Bauer G,Reinke P,Renner M,Schneider CK

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) provide a systematic approach to uncovering epigenetic variants underlying common diseases. Discoveries have shed light on novel molecular mechanisms of disease and enabled the application of epigenetic variants as biomarkers. Here, we highlight the recent advances in this em...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Paul DS,Beck S

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are a group of hormone-like molecules that are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. In bacteria, CDPs are used in quorum sensing (QS) to communicate information about population size and to regulate a behavioural switch from symbiosis with their host to virulence. In mammals, CDPs...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Bellezza I,Peirce MJ,Minelli A

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome sequencing has the potential for stratified cancer treatment and improved diagnostics for rare disorders. However, sequencing needs to be utilised in risk stratification on a population scale to deepen the impact on the health system by addressing common diseases, where individual genomic variants have variable...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Bauer DC,Gaff C,Dinger ME,Caramins M,Buske FA,Fenech M,Hansen D,Cobiac L

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years there have been major advances in the knowledge of the genetic alterations that drive cancer susceptibility and progression. However, the molecular links between these alteration levels (i.e., germline for susceptibility and somatic for progression) remain mostly unknown. Here, the potential of integra...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Pujana MA

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innovative sequencing techniques now allow the routine access of whole genomes of pathogens, generating vast amounts of data. Phylogenetic trees are a common method for synthesizing this information. Unfortunately, these trees are often seen only as a visual support to guide researchers, thus neglecting the value of e...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Hartfield M,Murall CL,Alizon S

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00